Student Concept 01
Side-view geometry, propulsion architecture, TPS zoning, center-of-gravity / center-of-pressure locations, and normalized heat / load distributions.
Aerothermal indicators
Aerodynamic and shell loads
Static stability screen
Likely high-load regions
Zones are ranked from first-order correlations and geometry. Values indicate relative design attention, not qualification limits.
| Zone | Thermal | Structural | Selected protection | Why it is important |
|---|
Engineering checks
Compatibility, stability, geometric, and model-validity observations.
Model basis and classroom use
The simulator intentionally exposes the relationships among Mach number, altitude, geometry, stability, heat flux, dynamic pressure, and structural load paths.
Atmosphere and speed
V = M sqrt(gamma R T)A layered standard-atmosphere approximation supplies temperature, pressure, density, speed of sound, and viscosity through 80 km.
Dynamic pressure
q = 0.5 rho V^2Dynamic pressure drives the first-order aerodynamic force and structural-load estimates.
Ideal stagnation temperature
T0/T = 1 + (gamma - 1) M^2 / 2Shown as a perfect-gas indicator. At high enthalpy, dissociation, ionization, variable specific heat, radiation, and nonequilibrium effects matter.
Stagnation-point heating
q_dot = k sqrt(rho/Rn) V^3A Sutton-Graves-type Earth-air screening correlation estimates convective heating at the nose. It is most meaningful in hypersonic, high-enthalpy applications.
Static stability
Static margin = (xCP - xCG) / diameterNose and fin normal-force contributions are combined with a simplified Barrowman-style method. Positive margin places center of pressure aft of center of gravity.
Thin-shell indicators
sigma_h = p r / t; sigma_b = M r / IEquivalent hoop, axial, and bending stresses provide scale awareness only; they are not substitutes for detailed FEA, buckling, fatigue, or hot-structure analysis.
Primary technical references
- NASA Glenn: Earth Atmosphere Equation - Metric
- NASA Glenn: Dynamic Pressure
- NASA Glenn: Isentropic Flow Equation Derivations
- Sutton and Graves, NASA TR R-376: Stagnation-Point Convective Heating
- Barrowman, NASA TM-2001-209983: Aerodynamics of Slender Finned Vehicles
- NASA Glenn: Rocket Center of Pressure
- NASA Ames: TUFROC Thermal Protection System
- NASA Ames: Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramics
- NASA: Transpiration Cooling of a Scramjet Combustion Chamber